Collection
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Egyptian, Classical, Ancient Near Eastern Art

Sketch of Osiris

305–30 B.C.E.

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Object Label

Even if he were not labeled by the hieroglyphs at the right ("Osiris, the great god"), this deity would be easy to identify. Osiris, lord of the underworld, is always shown as a mummy, often wearing the White Crown of Upper Egypt adorned with two feathers of Ma`at (cosmic harmony). Here the god holds his characteristic crook and flail and is seated in a shrine or under a canopy.

Though the almond eye, long nose, and full lips suggest a New Kingdom date (Dynasties 18–20, circa 1539–1070 B.C.E.), many other details indicate that the sketch was made in the Ptolemaic Period. The meticulous detail, manifest in the delineation of the ear, the eye, the plaited beard, the nostril, the thumbnails, and the feather pattern of the throne, is diagnostic for Egyptian drawing and relief of the fourth through first centuries B.C.E.

Caption

Sketch of Osiris, 305–30 B.C.E.. Limestone, pigment, 15 x 7 1/2 x 3 9/16 in. (38.1 x 19 x 9 cm). Brooklyn Museum, Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund, 37.52E. Creative Commons-BY (Photo: Brooklyn Museum, CUR.37.52E_wwg8.jpg)

Title

Sketch of Osiris

Date

305–30 B.C.E.

Period

Ptolemaic Period

Geography

Possible place made: Thebes, Egypt, Reportedly from: Saqqara, Egypt

Medium

Limestone, pigment

Classification

Drawing

Dimensions

15 x 7 1/2 x 3 9/16 in. (38.1 x 19 x 9 cm)

Credit Line

Charles Edwin Wilbour Fund

Accession Number

37.52E

Rights

Creative Commons-BY

You may download and use Brooklyn Museum images of this three-dimensional work in accordance with a Creative Commons license. Fair use, as understood under the United States Copyright Act, may also apply. Please include caption information from this page and credit the Brooklyn Museum. If you need a high resolution file, please fill out our online application form (charges apply). For further information about copyright, we recommend resources at the United States Library of Congress, Cornell University, Copyright and Cultural Institutions: Guidelines for U.S. Libraries, Archives, and Museums, and Copyright Watch. For more information about the Museum's rights project, including how rights types are assigned, please see our blog posts on copyright. If you have any information regarding this work and rights to it, please contact copyright@brooklynmuseum.org.

Frequent Art Questions

  • Do you know what kind of material they used to draw or paint in this sketch?

    The Ancient Egyptians typically used mineral-based pigments like carbon black and ochre red. Iron oxides were also used for reds. As far as tools: reed brushes were common.
    The sketches give you a window into daily life. The cat and mouse were probably just for fun, but this image of the god Osiris may have been an artist's sketch while preparing for a larger piece or just practicing.

  • Would this "sketch" have been made to be left as is, or would it be to guide the sculptor in carving out the figure?

    It doesn't seem to have been a preparatory sketch for a sculpture, as it is missing the grid that artists used to block out the figure.
    I thought that grids were just used to copy an image from one surface to another? Did they draw images onto stone before carving it?
    Ancient Egyptian art was so regulated with such an emphasis on perfection that artisans used a grid system to lay out the proportions of figures in formal compositions. As the term sketch suggests, this is likely an example of an artisan's practice drawing.
    Sculpted images were certainly drawn first. There is a great example of an unfinished relief in the Mummy Chamber.
    Sometimes, artisans did simply paint 2-D images onto stone.
    Thank you. I didn't know that.
    Would the painting without carving have been a cost saving method or an artistic choice?
    It would have been a choice made by the person who commissioned the work. The more intensive the work process, such as relief carving, the more expensive the work would be for the patron. Funerary equipment, for example, could be commissioned specifically or come though a more "off the rack" fashion. Much of what we seen in the gallery today would have been created for more wealthy patrons.

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