Canoe Breakwater (Rajim)

The Massim culture area of islands associated with Papua New Guinea is famous for its seagoing outrigger canoes, used in the inter-island network of ceremonial gift exchange known as kula. These canoes are the object of elaborate ritual and ornamentation. The double-lobed canoe splashboard (rajim) is set transversely across the prow, closing the end of the well of the vessel to deflect the spray of the waves. More important than its practical purpose, however, is its use as a medium for supernatural powers (activated by magical spells cast when it is set in place), which protect the occupants and speed their journey. In this way the canoe breakwater or splashboard is assigned the dual purpose of protecting its owners and giving them power over their kula trade partners. Supporting the curvilinear patterns of the upturned scroll are two frigate birds symbolizing flight and success. Two pairs of snakes appear on the lower portion of the board.